Age-related characteristics of different periods of a person's life, external and internal causes, changes in hormone levels, bad habits, as well as psycho-emotional factors can affect changes in blood pressure and lead to its increase. People don't always go to the doctor on time, so hypertension takes a permanent form. The article will talk about the symptoms of hypertension as well as their differences with hypotension.
first manifestations
High blood pressure is characterized by morphological changes in blood vessels that affect a person's overall well-being. To understand whether a person has hypertension and what symptoms are characteristic of this pathology, you need to know the simplest methods of self-diagnosis that will help you correctly respond to a jump in indicators and prevent complications.
Hypertension is one of the most common diseases. Hypertension occurs in every third person and is characterized by high death rates in severe stages. Only complex treatment that combines medication and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can be successful.
Hypertension is characterized by a gradual, long and slow course and is initially characterized by the absence of severe symptoms. In high blood pressure, the presence of the condition can be indicated by symptoms that appear periodically, which include:
- pain in the occipital or temporal region;
- dizziness;
- hearing loss, ringing in the ears;
- blurry vision;
- tachycardia and chest pain;
- nausea and vomiting reflex;
- feeling short of breath;
- anxiety;
- irritability;
- sweating or chills;
- recurrent nosebleeds.
The presence in a person of at least one of the above symptoms of hypertension, which may be the first, is reason to consult a family doctor or therapist for diagnostic and preventive purposes, since the disease in an advanced and untreated state can lead to to formidable complications such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke.
Symptoms characteristics
High blood pressure always disappears with a headache in the back of the head or in the temples, which, at the beginning of the development of the pathology, is well stopped by analgesics. Its occurrence is associated with a change in the lumen of cerebral vessels in the direction of narrowing. People who suffer from high blood pressure headaches describe it as dull or cramping in the back of the head and sharp, stabbing and throbbing in the temporal region.
Tinnitus and hearing impairment in hypertension can be caused by a malfunction of the vessels in the hearing aid.
Important! Sudden onset of headache is a direct indication to measure pressure.
Vision deterioration in hypertension in the form of double, intermittent dots (flies) in front of the eyes is associated with a lack of blood supply to the retina and impaired functioning of the optic nerves.
The nausea and vomiting reflex occurs as a reaction to the appearance of headache and dizziness, and the manifestation of frequent heartbeat and pain behind the sternum is caused by a disturbance in the work of the vessels of the pulmonary circulation. The sensation of shortness of breath (shortness of breath) characterizes high blood pressure and occurs most often in obese patients of any age.
The frequent occurrence of high blood pressure symptoms can cause a state of hypertension. And then, hyperemia of the skin of the face, anxiety, heart pain will join the above pathology signs. This condition will not go away on its own and will require emergency therapies.
Important! The periodic appearance of symptoms of high blood pressure will prompt the patient to consult a doctor and start treatment. The asymptomatic course of the disease robs a person of precious time.
tonometer indicators
To understand whether there is an increase in pressure, it is necessary to periodically measure the indicators with a tonometer under different conditions (well-being, bad) and also to know their norms.
Default values are assumed to be 120/80 mm Hg. Art. A range of 10 units of these numbers is not a deviation. Signs of increase greater than 140/90 mm Hg. Art. , in combination with headache, feeling of nausea, heart pains are considered as symptoms of high blood pressure.
Important! Pressure on a person is always individual, it depends on the body and external causes. "Working" tone - these are the blood pressure numbers that the patient feels good at. Hypertensive patients know their normal values and control them by timely taking antihypertensive drugs selected by the attending physician.
Features of the degrees of pathology
Signs of high blood pressure directly depend on the degree of height of the indicators, of which there are 3 in hypertension. They can be presented in the form of tables:
| degrees of hypertension | Systolic index (mm Hg) | Diastolic numbers (mm Hg) | The main symptoms of hypertension |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 degree | 140-160 | 90-100 | They pass without a clear clinic, are characterized by periodic increases, quickly normalize. Rarely, dizziness, insomnia, heaviness in the head, located in the back of the head, are noted. |
| 2 degrees | 160-180 | 100-110 | Pain in the occipital or temporal region is strongly pronounced, accompanied by nausea, dizziness, weakness, insomnia. |
| 3 degrees | up to 182 and above | more than 110 | Unbearable headache (especially in the morning), nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, visual disturbances, shortness of breath, sweating, tachycardia, swelling of the lower extremities, thirst, urinary disorders. |
The clinic of hypertension in the early stages can be mild. A person for a long time may not even be aware of the increase in pressure and the processes that develop in the vessels. The first and first signs of hypertension are irritability for no apparent reason and increased fatigue.
High blood pressure symptoms in 2nd and 3rd degree hypertension with systolic readings above 160 mm. lead to a hypertensive crisis, characterized by a pronounced pain in the head of different nature, feeling of nausea, vomiting, blurred vision (fog, shroud) or flashing of small dots, as well as: tremors in the limbs, rapid pulse, feeling of lack of breath, heart pain, arrhythmia, loss of consciousness.
What is high blood pressure - all hypertensive people know. It is helpful to know how you can help yourself or a loved one before an ambulance arrives when an emergency first occurs:
- Place 1 validol or nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue.
- Organize access to air, unbutton tight clothing, and give the patient an elevated position in bed (lift up on pillows).
- Place mustard plasters on your calf muscles.
- Give within 30 drops (1 tablespoon) of an alcoholic solution of valerian, motherwort.
- Take any pain reliever for a headache and lubricate the whiskey, forehead, neck area and behind the ears with menthol oil.
- You can soak your feet in hot water for 15 minutes.
In addition, doctors recommend doing a simple exercise to restore breathing. To do this, it is recommended to take a deep breath, hold your breath and exhale very slowly. This should be done 3 to 5 times. The body position in this case should be reclined.
Important! With untimely assistance to a patient with a hypertensive crisis, he may develop a stroke or myocardial infarction. As grades 2 and 3 cannot be cured, the patient must keep the pressure increase under constant control.
age characteristics
An increase in blood pressure in people over 50 is often associated with incipient problems with the functioning of the heart and blood vessels, atherosclerosis, anemia, hyperthyroidism and impaired kidney function. There may be shortness of breath, pronounced swelling in the legs, cardiac arrhythmia. Compared to men, women get sick more often.
The symptoms of high blood pressure are always due to age-related changes in the vessels causing a loss of their elasticity. In addition to the typical clinical features of arterial hypertension, it is possible to add intermittent claudication, frequent fainting, dizziness when changing position, noises in the head and a symptom of compressive pain behind the sternum. There is also general malaise, decreased performance and weakness.
As the growth of indicators can occur in people of different ages, the symptoms of hypertension in adolescents can manifest from the age of 12 (during puberty) and continue until the age of 17. This is due to the restructuring of the body and changes in hormonal metabolism . The characteristic signs that a teenager has increased blood pressure are increased sweating, attacks of strong heartbeat, presence of tinnitus, dizziness, headaches at any time of day, insomnia, hot flashes on the skin of the face, discomfort in the region epigastric
Important! To ensure that a possible pathology of the vessels occurs in this specific case, it is necessary to measure the pressure in a person several times in a row, preferably every 15 minutes. These indicators must be recorded and be sure to communicate them to the doctor in order to prescribe the appropriate treatment. Which medicines to take - the doctor will decide.
If you find a number of symptoms accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, it is necessary to consult a doctor, be examined and identify the real cause of such a pathology: neoplasms, kidney, endocrine, vascular diseases. The therapist, neuropathologist and family doctor will prescribe the appropriate treatment based on the diagnostic data, the functional characteristics of the body, the age group, the concomitant diseases and the tendency to allergies.
With hypertension, adrenoblockers, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, slow calcium channel blockers are prescribed.
Apply physiotherapy - electrosleep; magnetotherapy; UHF therapy; infrared laser therapy as well as traditional medicine. Patients with hypertension are advised to follow a diet and consume enough fruits and vegetables.
Important! Preventive measures to prevent vascular pathology and the development of hypertension include timely visits to medical examinations, normalization of work and rest, moderation in food, fight against excess weight, prevention of stressful situations, use of sufficient amounts of water, vegetables , fruits, as well as the elimination of nicotine and alcohol dependence (if any).
Differences between high and low pressure
Along with the signs of hypertension, where the rate may increase, there are manifestations of low blood pressure, called hypotension.
Periodic decrease in pressure is characterized by indicators below 101/66 mm Hg. Art. It all depends on the age group, so the numbers may vary.
Although the presence of an unbearable paroxysmal headache occurs with both hypotension and hypertension, with decreased pressure, the following symptoms will be present that distinguish high from low blood pressure:
- Poor health and weakness. From the morning, the patient feels weakness and malaise.
- Cold ends. Hands and feet are constantly cold.
- Noise in the ears (periodical presence).
- Unpleasant sensations in the region of the heart, tachycardia. Each patient has their own feelings.
- Dizziness and frequent darkening (sometimes double vision) in the eyes. Such symptoms are characteristic not only in the morning, but also during the day.
- Drowsiness during the day, sleep disturbances at night. During the day, patients feel the need to sleep all the time. The peak of activity starts at night. The night passes restlessly, sleep is shallow.
- Digestive problems. Hypotensive patients often present with gastritis, liver problems, constipation, dyspepsia, and dysbacteriosis.
The above characteristic symptoms are most often found in young people, most of whom are women. The reason for the reduction of blood pressure is stress, lack of sleep, poor lifestyle, lack of vitamins, use of strict diets, hormonal disorders, strong physical and mental stress, presence of some somatic diseases (endocrine, cervical osteochondrosis, liver, kidneys, VVD, sedentary lifestyle). Prolonged depression can be one of the main causes of low blood pressure.
The first "bells" about the onset of hypotension development occur when in the morning a person gets up heavily from bed, feels overworked, irritable and does not get enough sleep. After some time (everyone is purely individual) a headache appears, which may not go away until lunch.
Here, the common symptoms of hypertension are the onset of nausea, vomiting, weather dependence and fainting, a long asymptomatic course. You can increase low blood pressure by taking special medications, diet therapy, herbal medicine, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Therapy
Medicines that increase blood pressure include tinctures of Eleutherococcus or Ginseng, which are special medicines. Caffeine has the same effect.
Herbal medicine involves taking decoctions and infusions of herbs from plants like St. John's wort, lemongrass, ginseng, immortelle, tartar, ginger.
For hypotensive patients, it is acceptable to take small doses of alcohol. A glass of red wine or 25 g of brandy for a week will benefit the body: it will dilate blood vessels and improve blood circulation. A cup of coffee in the morning will bring a good mood.
Hypotensive patients should get enough sleep to feel alert (more than 8 hours a day), get enough movement, eat a balanced diet, and also engage in moderate sports (morning exercise, swimming, aerobics, yoga, outdoor games). , do showers with contrast showers, alternating them with massage.
Important! Untreated hypotension after age 40 can develop into hypertension.
Anyone is advised to carefully monitor their blood pressure levels. It is necessary to use the tonometer in a calm state, in good and bad health, after sleeping and before night. It is desirable to record all indicators, compare and determine "their" pressure, at which the best work capacity and vital activity are observed.
If the increased numbers persist for a long time, you should definitely see a doctor to protect yourself from life-threatening complications in the future. Be healthy!